Planning is Key to Good Multimedia

Multimedia is not easy--takes much, much longer to create than pure text--and requires more thought, cooperation and collaboration.

At each stage of creating the Malawi video that is up on CNN's website--pre-production, production, post-production and distribution--I kept realizing how many different pieces there were. I'll admit there were times when I felt pretty low as each stage seemed to take longer than I anticipated. But I think the result is worth it.

Several multimedia journalists I respect keep emphasizing that you need to do a good job matching up various aspects of the story to the medium. Text--at whatever length (even captions) is particularly good for facts and analysis. Images for action or "slice of life." Audio for emotion.

So, even before I went to Malawi to report on its severe nurses shortage, I knew that I wanted the video to complement the text--not be the whole story. I wanted the video to give a sense of a couple of individual nurses and what they face in a real-world way that is much harder (although not impossible) do to with text.

And then the text could focus on context and analysis. For example, look at these three sentences from my CNN article:

"By the late 1990s, however, Malawi was reeling from the AIDS epidemic. As if that weren't bad enough, the government also had to cut spending on health care and education as a condition for getting help from the U.S. and other countries to liberalize its trade and economy. The publicly funded health system, on which more than 95 percent of Malawians still depend for treatment, quickly started to fall apart. "

Very quickly, I was able to provide the necessary context: the twin ravages of the AIDS epidemic and structural adjustment programs that crippled the Malawian health care system.

The photo essay was the least well-developed part of the CNN package--it really happened almost as an afterthought, when the CNN producer asked me if I had any still photos. But I was able to throw it together in a couple of hours (maybe 20 minutes to pick the photos and longer to export and email them to the producer) because I have organized all the photos Eileen Hohmuth-Lemonick took for the Malawi project as well as caption information in Lightroom, a terrific photo management/database program from Adobe. (And no, nobody paid me to mention Lightroom.)

Once again I wanted to touch on themes of showing nurses in a wide range of activities both inside and outside the hospital/clinic. Given how many negative images of poverty and despair we see from Africa, I specifically chose photos that show success--or at least active engagement. That's something I have thought about a lot over the years and so was able to act quickly.

FYI, I produced one other video based on the Malawi trip, called "Telling Stories, Saving Lives." You can see it in either Flash or Quicktime. I chose to upload it to blip.tv because of the Creative Commons license.

"Telling Stories" is more of a self-contained piece -- but could probably also be paired with a good text story (on women's rights or domestic violence or the arts and health). Why not all three articles connected to that same video. Ahh, my next project!

Related Post:
My Malawi Nurses Video Featured on CNN

How I Use Twitter Without Being Overwhelmed

Twitter does not have to be yet another echo chamber—provided you are selective about who you follow. By treating Twitter as a filtering device and NOT a broadcast medium, I think I have a better shot at getting at the story behind the story.

For my purposes, Twitter does three things very well: organizing people, collecting data and doing a quick temperature check.

ORGANIZING PEOPLE

The 20th century still has such a hold on many of us that we find it hard to give up certain broadcast assumptions—that your goals should be to reach as many people as possible and to drive the conversation.

So, most stories about organizing people with Twitter focus on large numbers—10,000 protesters showing up in a square in Moldova, even if later reports question just how much of a role Twitter or SMS texting or even the government itself played in the demonstration.

My goal is not as revolutionary, nor does it require as many people. I want to develop an independent editorial voice to shine more light on global health and development—both as issues and as industries.

Given the tumult in the news business these days, there is a lot we still do not understand about how to make such an enterprise sustainable. But I suspect there are enough people out there who are interested—and who have some good ideas and experience on how to get things done—that we might be able to figure it out eventually.

In the meantime, I am trying to develop a kind of network for global health news through Twitter, my email contact list and the people on my own and other global health blogs.

COLLECTING DATA

We have only begun to explore what is possible with structured data. I predict this area will explode with possibilities once it no longer takes a lot of computer programming skill and expertise to do this right.

For now, most of what I am collecting on Twitter are links—still very 20th century.

Often these are bits of information that do not necessarily relate to each other. Typically I look for links that deal with new models for delivering and sustaining news, that get beyond advocacy in global health and that grapple with some of the ethical dilemmas of how we tell stories, while trying to make money, working against deadlines and across cultures.

One of the most practical uses of Twitter for non-programmers is to figure out whether they should jump to another session at a conference. Check the twitterstream for a conference #hashtag to see which panel discussion looks most interesting and jump ship if yours isn’t meeting your needs. Likewise, let others know if the panel you’re listening to is really interesting.

Notice with conference #hashtags, we’re often talking about small groups with very concrete pieces of information. Indeed, the short messages often can only be understood by those who are already on site. Further, deeper reflection comes later—and is probably based on more research, phone calls, better data.

One of the best examples of collecting concrete data from lots of people is the #votereport project.

#Votereport was a Twitter project in which US voters were encouraged to tweet their voting experience last November 4. Because the predictions were of massive voter turnout, the goal was to see where the lines might be long and where newly registered voters might be encountering problems. Voters were asked to provide three pieces of information: their zip code, the length of the line and whether they had a good or bad experience. If bad (meaning they were turned away), then they gave more details about why.

The brilliant thing was that organizers then were able to put those folks who were turned away in touch with election protection lawyers in real time to see if their legal-electoral issues could be resolved before the voting booths closed.

The big picture issue was maintaining the integrity of the voting process. But the structured data that folks were asked to provide was easy to give and the connection with the larger point was easy to understand.

Eventually I think we will see more projects like #votereport adapted to global health.

But input from large numbers of people will not always be required.

Check out Frontline SMS for one example of what’s possible when you adapt text messaging tools for humanitarian work. I have also wondered if it would be possible to adapt something similar for ensuring the integrity of a country’s supply chain of medicine?

DOING A QUICK TEMPERATURE CHECK

There’s a concept in biology called proprioception. That’s the body’s own awareness of itself in the environment. Because it goes on in the background, we don’t have to give conscious thought to keeping our balance when we decide to run for the bus.

I use Twitter as a kind of proprioception tool for health journalism. Another way to think about it is to use the phrase “situational awareness,” as developed by military strategists and later appropriated by folks in business.

To give just one example, when I tweeted about grappling with what to call the new human swine flu in my own news articles, I learned that several other health journalists I respect were dealing with similar issues. And indeed, that struggle later became the subject of official pronouncements from the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization, as well as long-form news articles by others who are not in my Tweetstream but who I read on the Internet and in hardcopy.

There are only so many hours in the day and only so many minutes I want to devote to Twitter. So my Twitter philosophy is to keep the number of tweets low and to follow only those who also keep their tweets low. If you pick the people you follow right, you will get a much more manageable stream.

I aggressively unfollow people who tweet too much. No matter how good they are, they drown out the others. And messages from high-volume tweeters still get into my tweetstream if the people I follow find them particularly important.

I unfollow people who retweet links without checking them out first.

I don’t mind following someone for a while and then unfollowing them only to refollow them later as my needs change.

If you find you have to follow someone who tweets a lot, follow them through an RSS feed or one of the programs (Tweetdeck, Twhirl, etc) that allow you to segregate their stream from your low-volume crowd. For now, I still access Twitter through the web because I am trying to keep the volume low, not increase it.

I often do not follow my friends if they tweet a lot because we are already on Facebook, I read their blog or we are in constant email contact.

I do not read every tweet. I do not reply to every @message. If you adopt a "river of news" approach to Twitter (similar to the one many of us have had to use with RSS feeds), the stream is much more manageable.

In essence, I think of the people I follow as my filter, a way of getting a sense of important ideas but NOT as a way of getting first-hand information. We are already flooded with facts (not to mention half-truths and outright lies). What we need are better filters.

As in so much of life, you have to take active steps if you really want to understand what is going on as opposed to just being distracted.

If you want to follow me on Twitter, I'm @cgorman.

Related Posts:
Wanted: A Social Network for Global Health News
Sharing and Global Health Blogging

Video: Mapping NYC's Rats

Back in November when I saw that New York City had turned to computerized mapping software in its renewed fight against rodents, I knew I wasn't going to be satisfied with just a quick blog post. I had to learn more.

After 19 hours of work, including a wonderful but very cold expedition to the Bronx to see Bobby Corrigan and Mike Mills at work, I produced a written piece on rat mapping for Time.com and did the voiceover for the video, which was shot and edited by Ed Robbins.

It's kind of fun to compare the two projects. Text is great for information--and there's plenty of it in my text piece. Audio is ideal for emotion and I recorded several versions of the voiceover--some that sounded a lot more menacing than the one the editors ultimately used. And the video did a much better job of giving you a sense of Bobby's and Mike's personalities than my written piece did.

The written piece was picked up by CNN earlier this month and was one of the most popular pieces on Time.com for a while.

But enough with the media commentary: more importantly, the rat map has helped drive the number of rat problems in the Bronx down 40% in the past year.

Below is a screengrab from NYC's rat map of the abandoned house (upper left corner) where Bobby and Mike introduced Ed and me to their work. (You may need to click on the photo to see the detail.) The official rat map interface is a bit clunky but it yields an utterly fascinating view of New York City.

Logging More Malawi Video

Oh thank goodness. This past weekend I discovered that just about everyone finds logging video tedious. I was at the Nieman Foundation’s 70th Anniversary convocation and telling my tale of woe about logging the video I had shot in Malawi to friends who are television producers and documentary makers.

Here I was afraid that I was doing something wrong—that something about my print journalism training had messed me up forever for dealing with video. What other explanation could there be if logging video was taking me so long and seemed so excruciating?

All the TV and video folks assured me that what I was feeling was absolutely normal. And that that sense of being overwhelmed by all the material I had gathered would eventually go away as I got better at planning my shots, producing and editing on the fly.

It is a situation that’s very akin to the kind of ruthless editing you have to do when you write. My friend Lorie Conway urged me to focus on just two stories out of the gigabytes and gigabytes of video, audio and digital stills I have—at least for now. Log to those stories (leaving out the bits that don’t support those pieces). I can always return to the original material later as time allows.

This may be easier said than done. Every time I go through the material I see more avenues to explore. Plus I feel such a sense of responsibility to the folks who shared so much of their lives with me. But you can’t do everything at once.

So I have been back at logging video with renewed vigor and once again combing through the photos Eileen took. Have also hired a journalism student for help with logging some of the audio. Will probably focus on a story about malaria and another about nurses’ daily challenges and successes at just one of the several hospitals I visited in Malawi.

One thing is for sure, the pregnant woman's lament has got to find a home in there somewhere.

Practical Notes on Photo Releases

1 August, 2008

Web publishers need to pay more attention to getting formal permission to publish someone's likeness on the Internet. It may cut down a bit on spontaneity and it can be a hassle to manage the information but it's the right thing to do.

The Berkman Center for Internet and Society has just put out a legal guide especially geared to citizen journalists or participatory media. Although the guide is clear and well-written, you can tell it was put together by lawyers in academia and not by practicing journalists. No one would be able to follow all those rules and still meet a tight deadline.

That's too bad because there are a number of legal issues that you should be aware of when publishing on the Web or for a traditional media outlet. Still, the Berkman guide is a good starting place and you shouldn't be put off by its comprehensiveness.

One issue that I have focused a lot on in the past seven weeks in Malawi is getting written permission to publish a person's photograph—whether in print, broadcast or electronic format.

The principle is pretty simple to understand. It's one thing to take someone's photo for your own personal use. It's quite another to publish it.

You should have that person's permission to publish their likeness. How you prove that you received such an okay varies a lot from implied consent (the subject didn't try to block what was obviously a camera taking their photo) to spoken agreement to written consent.

There are also different standards based on the level of privacy one might expect in any given context. Then there's the issue of whether you are photographing a public personality or a private citizen.

In public places like the streets of Manhattan, there is not a reasonable expectation of privacy and so permission is implied. That's why you don't have to get even spoken agreement from all the folks featured in a crowd scene at a football game, for example, or at a demonstration.

In places like hospitals, where I have spent a lot of my career, there is an obvious expectation of privacy. And so, ideally, the highest standard—written permission for the publication of photographs—should apply.

But that's not always the practice. One thing I learned while on my Nieman fellowship is how often the implied consent rule is used—such as when a patient is transferred to an ambulance after a car accident. (The video or still camera was obvious and no one tried to stop the shot.)

For my Malawi project, however, I resolved to get written permission for the use of people's likenesses in most cases and only occasionally rely on verbal or even implied consent. I see no reason to use one standard in the U.S. and a different one in Malawi.

Plus, since the consent form includes the use that will be made of the photograph, it provides reassurance to the subjects that their image won't be used to illustrate an entirely different theme. One story I heard from more than one person was about unnamed journalists taking pictures under one guise—such as work in a hospital—and then using them to illustrate a story on HIV, accompanied by a caption that said declared that everyone in the photo was infected with the AIDS virus. Whether that's a true story or not I don't know, but it sounds plausible.

Another benefit of getting written consent is that you get people to write their own names, making sure to get the correct spelling. Plus you can write good caption information for the photos right on the consent form.

In retrospect, I should have realized that a lot of the patients would be illiterate. Ended up using X's and thumbprints in most of those cases. Fortunately, the idea of giving written consent for operations is becoming more widespread in Malawi and so people understood the concept—even in translation.

Anyway, you don't have to go crazy with these consent forms. In my opinion, long consent forms tend to obfuscate rather than to clarify what you're trying to do. Here's the central wording for my form:

"I hereby consent to the use of my photograph, video footage and name to illustrate any articles by Christine Gorman—whether in print or electronic format—concerning the subject of ________________________________________________."

That's followed by spaces for the printed name, signature, the date, address and contact information (telephone or email).

I use a separate consent for children, which requires a guardian's signature.

NB: Check out Andrew Quinn's experience with consent forms in Kenya.

An Experiment in Multimedia

This trip through Malawi has also been about exploring new ways to tell people’s stories—through narrated slide shows, video, geocoding photos and other multimedia. There’s a lot of equipment wrangling involved. Good thing I like gadgets.

Here’s a photo Eileen took of me in full multimedia regalia at the Emazwini mobile clinic on July 4.

I have learned you definitely can’t do everything at once. Even if you’re part of a two-person team, you have to do things sequentially. For example, I can’t record background sound while Eileen is photographing because I pick up the sound of the mirror clicking inside her camera.

The other big thing is data management. Audio, video and high-quality photos take up a lot of space on a card. Unless you bring lots and lots of cards, you have to download your stuff to computer, external hard drives, DVDs. Of course, you should be backing your stuff up anyway.
Keeping track of everything and remembering where you are in the process requires discipline and a good file-naming system. After every recording or photography session I back up the files to the computer and to the hard drive. Have also backed up some of the most critical work to DVDs.

Which reminds me. I need to back up the interview I did yesterday with Wadana Mkandawire. He is a nurse midwife technician who is upgrading his qualifications at the Kamuzu College of Nursing.

Wanted: A Better Metaphor for "Health Systems"

Finding the right metaphor to describe a complex issue is often one of the hardest--and most creative--tasks facing any journalist. Say the words "brain drain" and you feel like you already have an idea of what the issues are--rich countries poaching nurses and doctors from poor countries.* But say the words "health system" and most of us draw a blank about what the phrase means or why it's important.

I know that's the case for me. I started my Malawi project thinking it was about the "brain drain" of nurses. But interviews with Michael Clemens, Fitzhugh Mullan and others convinced me that was only a piece of the puzzle. I needed to widen my focus from what rich countries were doing to lure nurses away to conditions within Malawi that pushed them to leave.

It's about more than just money. You have to look at the state of the entire health system--from conditions in the hospital to how long it takes patients to travel to a clinic (or for a health worker to come to them) to medical opportunities for professional development to individual workers' own hopes and dreams for their children's future.

Ruth Levine of the Center for Global Development suggests the metaphor of the human body to describe a "health system" and likens the physical infrastructure to the bones, the workforce to the muscles, the supply chain to the circulatory system, etc.

Bill Hsiao of Harvard told the Nieman global health fellows his working metaphor is a car. It needs to have enough money (gas in the tank) to run but your basic Tata Nano can get you from point A to B in India for a lot less than a Rolls Royce.

Following up on the automotive metaphors, others have likened health systems to the network of highways that crisscross any major developed country. Imagine trying to move a truck full of lettuce from California to North Dakota on dirt roads vs. six-lane highways and you get the picture. In one case, the produce spoils before reaching its destination. In the other, it seems perfectly unremarkable that you can mix a salad year round.

Don't think we have hit on the right metaphor yet. (Metaphors that need a lot of explanation kind of defeat the purpose.) But more and more of us are working on it.

If you have any suggestions for metaphors to describe health systems, please post them in the comments below.


* More recently, folks like William Easterly have pointed to another view--health workers emigrating to make their lives better and maybe send some cash home in the bargain.

Amy O'Leary Teaches the NYTimes About Sound

My rough notes of a "how-to" session on audio at the Nieman narrative conference, held in Boston over the weekend. Could imagine the day when several folks who attend a talk will collaborate on a wiki that summarizes the content--next to a publicly available video. Would test the idea of whether three heads are better than one.

The talk was given by Amy O'Leary, who went to the New York Times as a multimedia producer from her previous life as a public radio journalist.

O’Leary talked about what sound can and cannot do. (Loved the title of her presentation: “Screech, Bang (Sigh)” in which sigh was a real sigh, not the word “sigh.”

She had us listen to several audio clips and really pay attention to how sound worked in each piece. Some were audio-only. Some were narrated slide shows. But in each, she made the point that what sound does best is add emotion and authenticity. It's not so good at analysis, data presentation or complicated context. (Have to leave something for print, I guess.)

Because audio clips are so linear, O'Leary said, the first 15 seconds determine whether or not someone will click away. So even if you have hours of tape, take the best quote (called a cut in radio parlance) and put it at the beginning of your piece—even if it doesn’t immediately pertain to the theme of the piece.

Structure is very important to audio—as in print (although O’Leary doesn’t think much of the traditional billboard paragraph—thinks it gives too much away). “Choose your best piece of tape first” and then “give people a reason to stay through to the end.”

Print journalists new to audio tend to pick stories with obvious sound—like a movie festival or cuckoo clock collector. They’re looking for “sound effects,” not the effects of sound. Audio forces you to be a better journalist because you have to listen to people and NOT INTERRUPT THEM. No m-hmms to show you’re listening either. Lots of shaking of the head up and down.

O’Leary thinks Internet audio pieces don’t succeed if they’re longer than 3 minutes (about 600 words). (Note to self, Brian Storm might differ on this.) But in that three minutes, you take out 1 min 30 seconds for your tape—what the source says plus ambient sounds—then take out another 30 seconds for identifications, that leaves you 60 seconds to write your narration, or about 200 words. Basically two short paragraphs. “Writing script is very much like haiku,” O'Leary notes.

Try to make slide shows standalone pieces of journalism, as opposed to simple recap of a longer written story.

A few quick gear, software, website recommendations. . .
Software: ProTools (PC), Soundtrack Pro (Mac); Audacity (free)
Field Recorder used at NYTimes: Edirol R-09
Shotgun mike Amy demonstrated: AudioTechnica 835B (discontinued)

A couple of "how-to" websites
transom.org, with reviews of equipment by Jay Allison
www.visualedge.org/lessons (Click on “Sound in the story” .pdf)

And that's the end of my notes. If you need absolute accuracy, you can buy a download of the whole presentation for $16 at the conference website. Hmmm, am I giving away the store here?

Related story:
Do-It-Yourself Journalism

Do-It-Yourself Journalism

In case you hadn't noticed, the Web makes it possible for a lot more people--other than paid journalists to do the job of journalism.

I'm struck by how many folks in the global health community are at least considering that challenge. There's still some uncomfortable--for me at least--confusion about advocacy and promotion vs. news reporting. But I think a trend or at least a trendlet is starting.

There's also a growing list of online resources for non-journalists who want to join the conversation.

Here are a few I've been impressed by. I'll add more as I come across them:


The Poynter Institutes Journalism Resource Center, full of how-tos, bibilographies and lots of links.

Legal Issues:
Stanford Copyright and Fair Use Center

The Citizen Media Legal Guide from the folks at Harvard's Berkman Center

New Media
Journalism 2.0: How to Survive and Thrive (also available in Spanish and Portuguse)

Software/Low-Cost:
Soundslides Create Flash animated slide shows (with audio narration) without having to know (or buy) Flash

Software/Free:
Audacity. A cross-platform sound editor. Not always intuitive but the right price.

Connecting the Dots on Moms, Roads and Plumpy'Nut

Most people I run across in the public health world still view blogs suspiciously as the source of a lot of heat and not very illuminating. But with a little judicious filtering (both mental and electronic), I find blogs incredibly useful in my research and reporting.

Recently, in response to my post on Peanut Butter and Patents, someone with the handle "RUTF blogger" posted a tip about the production of peanut-based nutritional supplements in Malawi for a story I'm following on the patenting of Plumpy'Nut. Obviously, the information needs to be checked out but at least I have some names and an idea of where to look.

And last Friday, I received an e-mail reply to a question I posted at The INFO Project Blog, the brainchild of the Center for Communication Programs at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. While researching the link between paved roads and improved maternal health, I found a blog post that related to maternal health from the folks at JHU. I asked my question and a very nice person named Rose replied both by e-mail and on the blog.

In both cases, I am learning and assessing what I need--but because the q and a are publicly available, others may benefit as well.

Global Health News Feeds, Part Two

Global health news tends to fall between the cracks of "world news" (wars, disasters) and "consumer health news" (asthma, heart attacks). Last week, I posted instructions on how to build your own global health news feed using Yahoo Pipes. Here's another option that's a little more hands-on.

In this case, I'm using Google Reader, a news feed aggregator and its "shared item feature" to combine news items generated by RSS feeds from the traditional media with alerts and other posts that I find particularly newsworthy as I surf the Internet.

The advantage: many of these newsy bits of information--like a recent BioMed Central research paper linking diabetes and tuberculosis in India--are typically not covered by the mainstream media.

I capture the surfed items using del.icio.us, a social bookmarking website. And then I subscribe to an RSS feed of my del.icio.us bookmarks with Google Reader.

The big advantage of del.icio.us is, of course, that you can see what others have posted as their favorite items on subjects like tuberculosis, malaria, poverty etc. Many pairs of eyes are sometimes better than one.

A further refinement, I hit the "shared button" on Google Reader only for those del.icio.us items that I think might be interesting to more people than just myself.

So if you want a news feed that combines automatically generated items with some that have been tagged by human hands, then check out my shared global health news items in the Global Health mini-blog on this page at right.

If you want to see more than five items at a time, go directly to a separate web page with my shared global health news items. There's also news feed.

If you get inspired to create your own global health news feed, let me know!

How to Build Your Own Global Health News Feed

Step-by-step instructions for creating your own RSS feed of global health news items, using Yahoo pipes. No programming knowledge required.

Global health news tends to fall between the cracks of "world news" and "health news," as defined by the traditional media. World news is usually limited to wars, conflicts and humanitarian crises while health news typically focuses on consumer-oriented pieces about losing weight, staying fit, etc. (Good topics but not what we're after in global health.)

So I've been experimenting with building my own global health news feed, using Pipes from Yahoo.

This one, described below, is my favorite so far. It's not perfect but it's simple. Feel free to use these instructions or adapt them to fit your own needs. Let me know through the comments or by e-mail at cgormanhealth[at]gmail[dot]com, if you think of any improvements.

If you want to skip all the work that follows, here's the link for the RSS feed for Christine's custom-built, global-health news feed. (Copy and paste the url into your usual news aggregator, e.g. Bloglines or Google Reader.)

Step One. Get a Yahoo account, if you don't already have one.

Step Two. Log in to pipes.yahoo.com

Step Three. Choose "Create a pipe" from the options at the top of the page. Your screen should look something like this:



Step Four. Go to the pull-down menu on the left that says "Sources." Drag the "Fetch Feed" module into the workspace on the right.

Step Five. Add your favorite RSS feeds, one after another by clicking on the (+) sign and filling in urls like http://globalhealthreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default
or http://rss.news.yahoo.com/rss/aids

Your screen should look something like this:



Step Six. Open the "Operators" tab on the left and drag the "Sort" module to the workspace. Choose sort by "item.published" in "descending order" (very important) from the pulldown menus in the module.

Step Seven. Connect your first module to your second module by clicking on the round circles on the bottom and top of the modules.

Step Eight. Add a "Unique" module from the "Operators" list. Sort by "item.title"

Step Nine. Connect second to third module and third module to "Pipe out."

Step Ten. Click on the debugger link in the frame at the bottom of the page to make sure the feed works.

Step Eleven. Save your pipe (button in the upper right-hand corner) and name it. You should have something that looks like this:



Step Twelve. Click "Run Pipe," which magically appears at the top of the menu (at least on Firefox) after you've saved.

Step Thirteen. Publish your pipe if you want others to see how you created it.

Step Fourteen. Subscribe to your pipe as an RSS feed, or in your favorite newsfeed aggregator.

Enjoy!

In my next post, I'll outline a more hands-on approach to aggregating global health news.